Demographic developments in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—confident of personal independence, fixed rents, and a few evaluate of self-administration and functioning beneath the so-known as German Regulation—founded new villages and towns or reorganized outdated kinds. Cities acquired formal charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in 1257) https://polawedee.tumblr.com/